Temporary hair coloring composition



TEMPORARY HAIR COLORING COMPOSITION Philip F. Rosmarin, New York, N.Y.,assignor to John H. Breck, Inc., Springfield, Mass.

No Drawing. Filed Oct. 11, 1956, Ser. No. 615,252

4 Claims. (Cl. 167--88) and to improved compositions and processes forsuch.

purpose.

A number of the presently available dyestuffs and other color modifyingmaterials have certain disadvantageswhich limit the desirability oftheir use. They will stain the hair but the resulting colors aretextile-type colors which are notoriously undesirable for human hair.Furthermore, these dye-stuffs, once applied, are difficult to rem Insome instances, the color is absorbed permanently by the hair.

I here are few available dyes that will aflix themselves to human hairsatisfactorily and yet in such manner as to be easily removed therefromat will.

Therehas been and is a scarcity of dyes which are satisfactory, bythemselves, or in combination, for cosmetic purposes where artistictoning or background shading is so obviously important.

The paucity of dyestuffs which will produce a satisfactory temporarycoloring of human hair and the consumer demand for results in a largevariety of shades have combined to present a difiicult problem in thecosmetic field where the ultimate in artistic and pleasing effects isthe obvious desideratum.

Neither high temperatures nor toxic dyes can be prudently used fornormal cosmetic purposes, further complimenting the problem ofavailability of a suitable coloring material.

Special mordanting processes have heretofore been employed for dyeingfurs and wool, but they have seldom been used for dyeing human hair onthe head. Such mordanting processes require the facilities and skills ofexpert cosmeticians.

In a true mordant, the dye is permanently impregnated on the fiber andhas the capacity of successfully resisting shampooing or soap washing.

Permanent coloring on animal fibers or furs has been achieved, usuallyby using colors based on a paraphenyalenediamine dye in conjunction withmordants of metallic salts such as ferrous sulfate and potassiumdichromate. These mordants are usually impregnated in and on the fibersin a separate procedure from the actual dyebath, by an immersion of thefurs into the metal salt solution before or after the dyebath'.

Various other metallic salts used in this manner have included coppersulfate, iron, chromium, nickel, lead, bismuth, and the like. Most ofthese metallic salts are unsuitable for human, on-the-head hair coloringbecause of their toxicity and/or because of their objectionable reactionwith other commonly used treatments on womens hair and/or because oftheir instability in a container. Iron reacts badly when it comes incontact with hair which has-been permanently waved. Copper gives agreening effect resulting in a dulling of the hair. Chromium, nickel andbismuth are particularly toxic.

Continued employment of these metals for coloring United States Patenthuman or animal hair promotes other serious dificulties. They arediflicultj to remove and they lead to color build-up" by reason ofrepeated coatings of the dye and the metal on the hair strands, allcontributing to the objectionable end result of unsightly hair.

A disadvantage of the so-called acid type (usually citric, tartaric ormaleic acid) temporary hair color rinses is their low'pH, usuallybetween 2 and 3. Regular usage gradually etches out parts of theepicuticle, especially at the hair ends where exposure helps effectkeratin damage. Too, such temporary colors gradually give a permanentstain to the etched hair ends which is diflicult, if not impossible, toremove. Thus, one application of color builds-up on and over thevestiges of previous stains on the hair, to make further applicationsuneven and difiicult to control.

Other temporary hair color rinses are not as low in pH, but rely oncream or lotion type materials to cause the color to adhere to the hairbetween shampoos. These are to be preferred to the objectionable acidtype of rinse but they offer a serious disadvantage in that they possessa capacity for continued crocking, i.e., rubbing off of the color ontoclothing, towels, bedding, brushes, and the like.

As a result, there has been a long felt need for selfapplied haircoloring compositions and processes capable of producing temporarycolorations in a variety of pleasing, artistic, soft, shadescomplementing the beauty of the natural hair.

I have discovered that certain water soluble metal salts cause certainorganic dye colors to adhere to human hair in such a way as to bereadily removed therefrom by shampooing.

Such is very different from the known procedures of mordanting where thecolors are permanently fixed to the hair.

The salts hereof may be applied to the hair, in conjunction withsolutions of the organic dym, at temperatures which are tolerable to thescalp.

In this invention, new and novel results are obtained by means of astable liquid solution of a temporary hair coloring. The mixture doesnot precipitate and remains as a stable solution or dispersion. Thecoloring is a temporary one, which can be applied evenly to all strandsof the hair and wherein the need for compensation for ditferenees infine and coarse hair or porous and nonporous hair is entirely obviated.

The coloring stays on the hair in a permanent manner until removaltherefrom by means of shampooing or soap washing, when all traces of thecoloring from the roots to the ends of the hair strands are completelywashed ofi regardless of the condition of the hair.

Of special significance is the fact that the color of the hair obtainedby means of this invention, and the ease of removal thereof, are thesame, regardless of the physical condition of the hair.

Ordinarily, overbleached hair, overperm-anented hair, or otherwiseswollen and degraded hair, is highly receptive to the application ofcolor tints and dyes. Such normally must be specially diluted beforeapplication. Nevertheless, color will usually enter the degraded hairthrough the damaged epicuticle with the result that lodgment of thematerial within the hair shaft resists shampooing or other washing outso as to present a hazard to the subject and a problem to the operator.Such hazard is eliminated by the composition of this invention.

The coloring of this invention remains locked on the outside surface ofthe strands so that it is the more easily shampooed off, all as isdesired.

By complete removal of the coloring through shampooing, theobjectionable build up, which is the result of a plurality of successiveapplications of a rinse, is obviously obviated.

Another advantage of the formulation hereof is that of gray and whitehair on the human head at comfortable normal room temperatures. (2) Afast adherence of the color to the hair between shampoos. (3) A completeremoval of all color immediately upon washing with a shampoo or soap.(4) An absence of removal of the color with repeated washings wherewater alone is employed.

The invention envisions the use of a combination of two dyestuffs,namely, Pontachrome Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate and du Ponts DarkBrown #173, in direct mixture with an aluminum salt catalyst, such asaluminum sulfate or aluminum acetate.

One or the other of these dyes could be used alone, although optimumresults have been obtained when the dyes have been used in combination.

The dyestuffs above referred to are manufactured for use in the hightemperature permanent dyeing of textiles, Pontachrome Azure Blue BR 200%concentrate being commercially available.

The chemical formula of Pontachrome Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate(Color Index #720) is as follows:

Cl C1 The chemical formula of du Ponts Dark Brown #173 is as follows:

coon on coon HO N=N COOH OH COOH QHPQ Aqueous solutions of aluminumsalts, such as aluminum sulfate or aluminum acetate of the form known asBurows Solution, provide the chemical action so essential with thisinvention.

In this invention, the use of alcohol and solvents for dissolving thedyes before combining with the aqueous solution of the metallic salt isa prerequisite.

Broadly, the invention contemplates the production of solutions ofalcohol soluble dyes which are combinable with an aqueous solution ofthe aluminum salt.

I have determined that aqueous solutions of the dyes when coming incontact with an aqueous solution of the salt bring about a precipitationwhich is accordingly unsuitable for the purpose of this invention.

The resultant product hereof, produced from the combination of a pair ofalcohol soluble dyes with a water soluble metal salt, is a solution freeof precipitate and and 4 which is stable against heat or cold, thusmaking it adaptable for the familiar conditions often encountered incommercial storage and shipment.

The chemical action is accelerated by the addition of the metal saltwhich performs the activity of temporarily bonding the color with thehair until such time as the hair is washed with soap or shampoo suds.

The salt presents admirable qualities over other metals in theconcentrations preferably employed and does not react unfavorably withother hair treatments such as permanent waving. Its action here isdifferent from that of a metallic mordant, in that the permanency ofcolor here is limited to a period terminating with the shampooing orsoap washing of the hair. Thus it is totally unlike a true mordant wherethe dye is permanently impregnated on the fiber regardless of shampooingor soap washing. 0

The metal salt has the capacity of toning the two colors, turning thebrown to a violet tone and turning the blue to a bright blue tone withgreen highlights.

The salt acts as a catalyst which holds the two dyestutfs in combinationon the hair by adsorption. In effect, it coats the hair.

The pH of the formulation is usually between 4.0 and 6.0 andis best at4.5 to 5.0 which as is known is close to the pH of human skin.

The base color tone formed on white or gray hair, using this combinedsolution, is a pleasing silver gray or platinum pearl of light qualityand with high luster. Other variations of the color may be obtained byvarying the proportions of the ingredients of the combination.

The solution comprises two dyes, each of which is dissolved in alcohol.

The du Pont Dark Brown #173 is first damped down with Carbitol, which isa diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.

Each of the two dyestuffs is then dissolved in alcohol.

A measured portion of each alcoholdissolved dye is then added to ameasured quantity of a 5% solution of a water dissolved metal salt. Thesalt can consist of a 5% aluminum acetate solution, or a 5% aluminumsulphate solution, or Burows Solution.

Such salts are all water soluble aluminum salts. Prior to the usethereof in this invention, they are dissolved in water so as to give anaqueous solution thereof. Similar results are obtained with each ofthese salts wherefore they are interchangeable. The Burows Solution ispreferred for this invention, however.

The combined mixture of the two alcohol-dissolved dyes and a waterdissolved metal salt is in a concentrated form. It is a clear solutionfree of any precipitate. Prior to application thereof to hair on thehead, it is desirably diluted with water. Thus variable depths of colorcan be produced, which is a most desirable factor.

The color on gray/white hair is not affected or removed at all with warmor cold water washing. With shampoo or soap, however, it washes offentirely, leaving no trace thereof.

The preparation and use of the dyes according to the invention will nowbe described more in detail with reference to specific embodimentsthereof, which are to be understood as being illustrative of theinvention and not limitative thereof.

Example I mg. of Dark Brown #173 (wetted with the addition of 5 cc. ofCarbitol) are dissolved in 75 cc. S.D. Alcohol 40. (Where a greaterproportion of Bark Brown #173 is employed, the resulting color takes adirection toward a plum or purple.)

125 mg. of Pontachrome-Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate are dissolved in25 cc. S.D. Alcohol 40. (Where a greater proportion of PontachrorneAzure Blue BR 200% concentrate is used, the resulting color takes the de io of a e e of 10 cc. of Pontachrome Azure Blue BR Solution.

After mixing, a temporary silver-gray or platinum color of variousstrengths is produced on white or gray hair by applying the solutionwith varying amounts of water.

Example II 125 mg. of Dark Brown #173 may be dissolved in cc. Carbitoland 75 cc. S.D. alcohol #40.

6 grams of P.V.P. are then dissolved in 35 cc. of Burows Solution andq.s. to make 50 cc. with Burows Solution.

To the 50 cc. of Burows Solution containing the P.V.P. 50 cc. of theDark Brown #173 solution is added.

The solutions are mixed well together. Using a part of the solution withan equal part of water, the mixture is applied to white hair to producea pale plum purple tone. The use of greater concentrations of this dyeresults in the color taking the direction of a plum or purple tone.

Example III 125 mg. of Pontachrome Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate isdissolved in 25 cc. S.D. alcohol #40.

6 grams of P.V.P. is dissolved in 35 cc. of Burows Solution, q.s. tomake 50 cc. with Burows Solution.

To the 50 cc. Burows Solution containing P.V.P., 10 cc. of thePontachrome Azure Blue Solution is added and mixed well.

Using a part of the solution with an equal part of water, the mixture isapplied to white hair to produce a bright blue tone.

Examples II and IH are cited to demonstrate the color activity of thisinvention when only one of the two dyestufis concerned is employed.

The mixture in the case of each of Examples I, II and III is applied tothe hair by rinsing, by brushing on, or by any other method which may besatisfactory to the user and/or operator.

The mixture is left on the hair for a period of several minutes. Bestresults have been obtained when the mixture was allowed to remain on thehair from between 3 and 5 minutes. No damage results, however, when andif the mixture is allowed to remain on the hair longer than for therecommended maximum time limit of 5 minutes. If not allowed to remainon'the hair for at least 2%: minutes, coloration will be incomplete.

The 'hair' is then rinsed with cold or warm water and is thereupon readyfor setting.

As one desirable feature hereof, the mixture can be applied at anycomfortable temperature. Normal room temperatures are ideal for thepractise of the invention and the preparation'does not necessarily haveto be hot or warm before optimum results can be obtained therewith.

Some of the available non-ionic surface-active agents may be used toprovide easier application to the hair due to their wetting andsoftening qualities.

From the foregoing disclosure it will be recognized that the inventionis susceptible of modification without departing from the spirit andscope thereof, and it is to be understood that the invention is notrestricted to the specific illustrations thereof, which are herein setforth.

Having described my invention and the best manner of practising the newprocesses for forming the novel compositions hereof, without limitingmyself to the order of steps of such processes recited, or to theproportions of parts employed therein, it is obvious that the order OH 0ll mooc H; @0001 c in combination with an alcoholic solution of a dyerepresented by the formulae:

coon on coon and an aqueous solution of aluminum acetate.

2. The composition in accordance with claim 1 in which the aluminumacetate is a stabilized 5% solution. 3. A non-staining concentratehaving an afiinity for keratinaceous fibrous material upon dilution withwater for effecting the temporary coloration of hair comprisand ing ahomogeneous solution of an alcoholic solution ofa dye represented by theformula:

on 0 ll NaOOC- cm $000M c and an alcoholic solution of a dye representedby the formulae:

in combination with an aqueous solution of aluminum acetate.

4. As a new composition of matter, a temporary hair coloring solutionconsisting essentially, of the following 2,960,448 7 8 ingredients, inapproximately the proportions set forth, and all parts being by weight:a minimum of 10 parts of an 0005 03 000B alcoholic solution of a dyerepresented by the formula:

HO N=N NnOOC H: OH COONa H:

a minimum of 50 parts of an aqueous solution of alumi- 1o num acetate,and a minimum of 1260 parts of H 0. 0 v

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 152,338,746 Riper Jan. 11, 1944 a minimum of 45 parts of an alcoholicsolution of a. dye 2775972 Blair 1957 represented by the formulae: OTHERREFERENCES c0011 OH CODE 1 I Knecht: Manual of Dyeing, 9th ed., vol. 2,1945, H0 Mapleton House Pub Brooklyn, N.Y., pp. 788-9.

UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2360,143 November 15 1960 Philip F. Rosmarin It is hereby certified thaterror appears in the above numbered petent requiring correctionend thatthe said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 1, line 17, for "improveemnts" read improvements lines 54 and 55,for. "paraphenyalenediamine" read paraphenylenediamine column l line-68-, for "Bark" read'- Dark Signed and sealed this 3rd day of April1962.

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST W. SWIDER DAVID L. LADD Attesting Officer Commissioner of PatelUNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No.2,360,443 November 15 1960 Philip E. .Rosmarin It is hereby certifiedthat error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction andthat the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below. w

Column 1 line 17 for "improveemnts" read improvements lines 54 and 55,for. "paraphen-yalenediamine" read paraphenylenediamine ColumnAL- line-68 for Y'Barkf read' Dark Signed and sealed this 3rd day of April1962,.

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST w. .SWIDER DAVID L. LADD A t t e s t i ng Of f i C e PCommissioner of Patents

1. A STABLE LIQUID SOLUTION OF A TEMPORARY HAIR COLORING COMPRISING, ANALCOHOLIC SOLUTION OF A DYE REPRESENTED BY THE FORMULA: